The membrane should be freed totally from the caudal area to enable lifting of the sinus however, the distal side of the sinus might extend considerably. Thickness of the membrane normally varies from 0.13 to 0.5 mm (average 0.8 mm thick). About 100–150 cilia present on each columnar cell which vibrate at 1000 beats/min. This membrane is a pseudostratified columnar respiratory membrane ciliated epithelium formed by the basal cells, columnar cells, and goblet cells fixed to the basal membrane. ![]() Maxillary sinus is lined by the membrane called as Schneiderian membrane. Lateral wall forms the buccal aspect of the sinus and contributes to the posterior maxillary and zygomatic process this wall provides access for the lateral wall sinus graft procedure. This ostium serves as the main channel for drainage of secretions. Medial wall is the lateral wall of the nasal cavity which houses primary ostium. Posterior wall separates the maxillary sinus and pterygopalatine fossa which contains posterior superior alveolar nerve and blood vessels, the pterygoid plexus of veins and internal maxillary artery. Superior wall is the floor of orbit and is very thin. Anterior wall extends from inferior orbital rim to the maxillary alveolar process containing infraorbital neurovascular bundle. The average volume of the maxillary sinus is 15 ml. The average dimensions of the maxillary sinus are 36–45 mm in height, 23–25 mm in width, and 38–45 mm in length (anteroposterior axis). Maxillary sinus is the biggest pyramidal-shaped paranasal sinus.
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